For farms and rural businesses

Agricultural accountants

Subsidy and stewardship income recognised in the right year, diversification VAT apportioned properly, machinery finance coded correctly, and a cash flow that survives a bad harvest. Fixed fee from £199 + VAT a month.

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Regulated byCIMA
Member in Practice
Companies HouseNo. 16943160
Insight Professional Partners Ltd
CoverProfessional
Indemnity Insured
Delivered onYour existing
Xero
Why farm books are different

Four things a general bookkeeper gets wrong on a farm

Farming has a set of accounting problems almost nothing else shares: income that arrives in lumps a long way from when it was earned, a business that is often three or four businesses at once for VAT purposes, and assets worth more than the annual turnover.

1. Subsidy and stewardship income recorded when it lands

Scheme payments arrive on their own timetable, and stewardship agreements run for years with obligations attached. Recording the whole receipt as income in the month it hits the bank overstates that year and understates the ones that follow — and where the agreement carries future obligations, part of it may need deferring.

The practical effect is a set of accounts that show a good year and a bad year alternating, when the underlying business has been steady throughout.

2. Diversification VAT reclaimed in full

This is where most farm VAT errors start. Core farming output is largely zero-rated. Holiday lets, weddings, storage, livery, a farm shop, solar — none of them are, and each has its own treatment.

A farm running three of those alongside the core business has a mix of zero-rated, standard-rated and exempt supplies, which means input VAT has to be apportioned rather than reclaimed in full. Reclaim too much and there's a liability with interest. Reclaim too little — more common — and it quietly costs money every quarter.

3. Machinery finance coded from the bank statement

Hire purchase generally brings the asset onto the balance sheet with a matching liability, and only the interest is a cost. A lease is treated differently. On the bank statement they look identical — a monthly payment — so the coding gets decided by whoever is doing the books rather than by the agreement.

On a farm where machinery runs into six figures, that distorts both the profit and the balance sheet substantially.

4. No usable cash flow across the season

Costs go out months before income comes in, and the gap is filled by an overdraft nobody has forecast properly. A 13-week rolling cash flow is worth more in farming than in almost any other sector, and it's the thing least often produced.

The cumulative effect. Get these wrong and the annual accounts describe a business that lurches between good and bad years, with a balance sheet that doesn't reflect what's actually owned or owed. That matters most at the two moments it's hardest to fix — a lending conversation, and a succession discussion.

What we do each month

What we don't do. Corporation Tax, Self Assessment, farmers' averaging, agricultural property relief and inheritance tax planning sit outside CIMA's scope of practice and go to a UK Chartered Accountancy firm we work with. Those are significant in farming, so you'd want both — we do the monthly half that all of it is built from.

Who this suits

Owner-managed farming businesses and rural enterprises roughly £200k to £5m — arable, mixed, livestock, contract farming, and farms with diversified income from lettings, storage, events or renewables.

Work runs on your existing Xero, so location isn't a constraint, though we're in Northamptonshire and cover the surrounding counties including the Fens in person where that helps.

What it costs

Bookkeeping is £199 + VAT a month, fixed. Management accounts and Virtual FD support are quoted after a free initial review. See what UK bookkeeping typically costs, or work out what your current arrangement costs.

Not sure the subsidy income is in the right year?

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